Archive de sols depuis 1928 – INRA de Versailles
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L’article “Centennial fertilization-induced soil processes control trace metal dynamics. lessons from a long-term bare fallow experiment” par van Oort, F.; Paradelo, R.; Proix, Delarue, G.; Baize, D.; Monna, F. vient d’être publié dans Soil Systems. (2018) 2, 23.
L’essai dit des 42 parcelles de l’INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) a débuté à Versailles (France) en 1928 pour évaluer l’impact d’une application prolongée d’engrais et d’amendements sur la composition et les propriétés des sols. Ici, Folkert van Oort (folkert.van-oort@inra.fr) et son équipe établissent les bilans géochimiques d’éléments majeurs et traces sur des échantillons de surface prélevés entre 1929 et 2014 pour quatre groupes de traitements.
Abstract: Long-term bare fallow (LTBF) experiments with historical sample archives offer unique opportunities to study long-term impacts of anthropogenic activities on mineral soil fractions. In natural agro- and ecosystems, such impacts are often masked by organic matter due to its buffering action and rapid turnover. The 42-plot LTBF trial of INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) started in Versailles (France) in 1928 to assess the impacts of prolonged application of fertilizers and amendments on the composition and properties of loamy soils. Here, we established geochemical budgets of major and trace elements on surface samples from 1929 and 2014 for four groups of treatments relevant for developed soil processes. We considered accompanying effects of soil compaction or decompaction due to changing physicochemical conditions over 85 years. Element losses from the surface horizon were quantified via fertilization-induced or -amplified soil processes: clay leaching favored by Na- or K-based fertilization, and lixiviation of major and trace elements in acidic or alkaline soil conditions. Enhanced mineral weathering was shown for acidified and nonamended plots. Conclusions on trace metal migration were confirmed by selected analyses on subsurface horizons. Additional information was provided on specific element inputs via fertilizers and/or diffuse inputs via atmospheric deposition.